How many american casualties were there in the battle of the argonne forest?

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".

the us constitution is a living document, meaning that it can be changed over time as the country changes.