German unification brought

a: lengthy civil wars

b: a brief period of stability

c: a lasting balance of power in europe

d: rejection of diplomacy and treaties

B:a brief period of stability  

Explanation:

From the middle of the century. In 1936, the German states industrialized rapidly, especially in the areas of coal and iron. They have also become predominantly urban. The German Empire (unified Germany), during its forty-seven years of existence, has become an industrial, technological and scientific giant, winning more Nobel Prizes in science than Britain, France, Russia and the United States together, a third of the totality. It has raised the world's most powerful army and a large rail network.

During this period, Germany was the world innovator in the construction of the "social state". Workers had health benefits, accidents and maternity, canteens and a national pension scheme. Unconcerned with the policies of the European powers, he carried out economic and political developments that led Germany to become the industrial leader of the time.

Industrialization was proceeding with great momentum, and German manufacturers began to capture domestic markets from English imports, and also to compete with them abroad, particularly in the USA. At the time of unification, the textile and metal industries surpassed the British in organization and technical efficiency. Germany became the largest economic power in the continent and, after Britain, the second largest export power.

Germany invested far more than Britain in research, especially in chemistry, engines and electricity.

In 1900, the German chemical industry dominated the world market for synthetic paints. The three largest firms (BASF, Bayer and Hoechst) also began to explore the areas of pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals and products.

the qing dynasty placed strict limits on foreign merchants' ability to trade in china.

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