What factors encouraged spanish success in peru?

Between the world wars eisenhower's presidency the 1960s what is the organizing principle of this list?

The california gold rush: actually had only a small impact on california’s population because its rich farmlands already attracted thousands of new settlers each year. attracted almost equal numbers of men and women. resulted in laws that discriminated against “foreign miners.” made considerable wealth for average miners because gold mining demanded no real investment of capital. hurt the development of san francisco because gold discoveries shifted interest to areas outside of town.

Which statement about african americans during the civil war is true? o a. they were granted the vote in the north. o b. they were allowed to attend northern universities. c. they were given deeds to southern plantations. o o d. they enlisted in the union army.