As economic theories, socialism and communism sought to

a) encourage private ownership of businesses.
b) even out inequalities of wealth.
c) encourage little government oversight.
d) build housing and schools for workers.

The correct answer is - b) even out inequalities of wealth.

One of the main principles of the economic systems of the socialistic and communistic societies is to manage to make the people as equal as possible in wealth and possessions.

This in a way may seem good, as there will be no class differences if it is performed properly, but that also brings in problems, as it was seen in the countries were this types of political ideologies ruled. People that had more land had their land taken away from them and it was divided to the people that didn't had any land, the motivation for better performances at the workplace is very low as you have guaranteed payment, and it is the same as everyone else, there's no real career progress, and that is just against the human nature.

it should be a. song dynasty’s civil service examination system created an administrative bureaucracy manned by the landed aristocracy.