Why were women and children forced to work during the industrial revolution?

most men had been killed or injured during the civil war.
companies paid such low wages, the whole family had to work.
they were expected to work rather than stay at home or in school.
there were not enough men to fill all available jobs.

The answer should be B as in BlockBuster

The  pan-african movement  was an "emotional, cultural, psychological and ideological  movement  that began among the  african  dispora in the western hemisphere, for a closer  purpose, so that  african  people could feel secure, attain political, economic as well as psychological power visa vis other races or world regions" .