Which of the following contributed to the iconoclast controversy in the byzantine empire during the eight and ninth centuries

During the Byzantine empire in eight and ninth centuries, the iconoclasts’ fear that the adoration of icons would lead to idolatry contributed to the Iconoclast controversy. Iconoclast controversy was a dispute regarding the usage of religious images or icon following the scripture in the Old Testament in the bible against the use of images and the possibility of idolatry in 10 commandments.

articles of confederation

2018 means 2018 ce or common era

there have been other eras too including bce, which included way more years.