Which is the best definition of public policy?
ways the government promotes the general welfare
analysis of policy issues to determine a course of action
actions a government takes in responding to a public problem
actions taken by groups and government representatives to address problems

The correct answer is the third one: actions a government takes in responding to a public problem.

Public policies are projects and activities designed and managed by a state through a government and a public administration in order to satisfy specific needs of the society. These projects and activities are actions, regulatory measures, laws, and budget priorities on a particular topic promulgated by a governmental entity. Since public problems are very varied, public policies refer to different aspects of the society, like education, health, social development, urban infrastructure, taxation, among several others. Since their approach is very general, they are broken down into plans, programs, and projects, each of one having a shorter term goal in order to achieve the general objective of the public policy.

under god i have placed my chiest strentgh and the safe guard to my loyal subjects

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).