In the late 19th century, gustavus swift owned meat-packing plants and refrigerated railcars which were used to ship meat. by being involved in various aspects of production, swift controlled much of the meat industry. this is an example of what type of integration?

The correct answer is: "vertical integration".

Vertical integration takes place when a corporation expands its acitivites by acquiring and controlling business activities that constitute different stages within the production process. This form of expansion provides greater bargaining power to the corporation, as it controls most of the actors that participate in an industry, for example, the meat industry in the case of Gustavus Smith that owned meat-packing plants and also facilities for subsquent transport. Therefore, remaining participants usually have to accept the conditions that the vertically-integrated large corporation dictates.

answer: the time zones used to be whatever the local authority wanted them to be. one town might have 6am whenever the sun came up and another town had 6am 10 minutes later.  

the trains had a hard time when their orders said to be at a certain point at 6am.  

6am, but who's 6am.  

the railroads got together and set the time zones more or less along the longitude lines across the country.

explanation:

the correct answer is d. the monetary reserve is a set of funds represented in currency, money or similar, saved as a forecast of possible needs or for legal reasons.

the increase or decrease in the monetary base influences in the increase or decrease of the inflation rate. therefore, the excess of monetary reserve will cause the reduction of inflation.