Which russian tsar refused to surrender to napoleon in 1812, even after moscow had been captured and burned?

which russian tsar recruited hundreds of shipwrights, doctors, engineers, and architects from western europe to modernize russia?

Respond to the scenario regarding spanish colonial life in latin america. you are a creole living in venezuela. your family is wealthy and you are well educated. through your education, you have learned about enlightenment ideas regarding life, liberty, and property. although you are not in a position of power, you enjoy a comfortable life. when a revolution spreads in your country, you are faced with a decision to become a supporter of venezuelan independence, or support spain, and your current way of life. what do you do? write 5 paragraphs

Which of the following encouraged westward expansion? a. the government decreased the price of federal land. b. each of these represents actions taken to encourage westward expansion. c. the government decreased the price of federal land d. the second national bank lowered the cost of borrowing money (reduced interest rates)

Name at least three countries neaolpeon controlled