Accordingly we hereby declare the establishment of a jewish state in eretz isreal to be known as the state

an era of negotiation.

is that an answer to your question?

the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.