Italy and germany emerged as nation-states in the nineteenth century as a result of
popular nationalism
civic nationalism
paternalism
privatization

the answer would be civic nationalism

Explanation:

"The unification of Italy and Germany as nation-states in the nineteenth century is an example of civic nationalism. Political leaders like Otto von Bismarck played a role in creating a German state. Similarly, Victor Emmanuel and Prime Minister Count Camillo di Cavour fought for national unity of Italy."

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the communist manifesto is an 1848 political pamphlet by the german near the end of the manifesto, the authors call for a "forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions",  ..