The tariff issue of 1832 and the secession of the southern states in the 1860s were similar in that both concerned the constitutional issue of-

abraham lincoln was the president of usa and he had asked the audience to make a pledge on equality.

his pledge was:

“it is my earnest desire to know the will of the providence.”

lincoln also had hatred for people who condoned and practiced slavery and so he pledged:

""and if i can learnt what it is i can do it"" this is another pledge by abraham to reassure the congregation on how to deal with the providence will.

explanation:

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she will pay the extra amount

i don't think it's c or d. i think it's either a or b.

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