Which played a greater role in precipitating political upheavals in china and the middle east in the 19th century?
a-western industrial powers had begun to dominate areas in china and the ottoman empire
b- new ships being invented that possesssd better technology than the arab dhows
c- african slavery
d- internal divisions within the chinese and ottoman empires that caused dissatisfaction

How did conservatism affect the nationalist movements in europe?

How did richelieu intend to strengthen the monarchy of france

Why were chinese american immigrants frequently detained when trying to immigrate through angel island? the rules for immigration were stricter at this checkpoint due to health issues that were prevalent among asian populations at this time. the location of the island was difficult to reach, and ships to the mainland were often prevented from sailing more than once a week. immigration agents were notorious for asking immigrants confusing questions as a means of denying them entry. low wages caused a shortage of immigration officials, so many immigrants had to wait weeks or months before their applications were processed.