In the late 1700s, the american west began
(a)beyond the appalachian mountains.
(b)along the mississippi river.
(c)beyond the rocky mountains.
(d)along the pacific coast.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

in 1989, tiananmen square in beijing was the site of china’s main industries. china’s government headquarters. -pro-democracy demonstrations. (second choice)

`stare decisis is a legal doctrine that obligates courts to follow historical cases when making a ruling on a similar current or future case. stare decisis ensures that cases with identical facts be approached in the same way, unless overruled by the same court or a higher court such as the us supreme court. simply put, it binds courts to follow legal precedents set by previous decisions.

stare decisis is a latin term meaning "to stand by that which is decided".