Which medieval ruler launched an extended war against france that contributed to the development of distinct national identities in europe?
a. charlemagne
b. william the conqueror
c. edward iii
d. richard the lionheart

the reform movements that arose during the antebellum period in america focused on specific issues: temperance, abolishing imprisonment for debt, pacifism, antislavery, abolishing capital punishment, amelioration of prison conditions (with prison's purpose reconceived as rehabilitation rather than punishment), the humane treatment of animals, the humane and just treatment of native americans, the establishment of public institutions for the care of the destitute, orphans, blind, and mentally ill, the establishment of public schools, the abolition of tobacco use, vegetarianism, health reform, homeopathic medicine, woman's rights (including, at first, especially the establishment of a woman's right to own property apart from her husband and her right to sue for divorce), and the amelioration of labor conditions (including higher pay, the right to form unions, the right to strike, and the demand for limits on the number of work hours, and safe working conditions).

explanation:

if you could provide the poem below, i'd be happy to you!

explanation:

you didn't give us the poem, or the title of the poem. but it is essential for you to give us that, otherwise we can not detect when the poem has a tonal shift!

cherokee and arikara