Caliphs, the highest leaders of islam, were expected to rule according to what?

What is institutional discrimination in the social work field

Which of the following are details about the compromise of 1877? election results in a couple of states were in dispute and too close to call. samuel tilden would be given the win in exchange for the removal of federal troops. the presidential election was close between rutherford hayes and ulysses grant. it was agreed troops would leave the south in exchange for a hayes victory.

What does the term “escalation” refer to?