What directly led to the abdication of tsar nicholas ii?

the russians' defeat at verdun
the revolution of 1905
vladimir lenin's return from exile
the garrison in petrograd joining the soviets

Compare and contrast the first and second battles of panipat.

Which of the following problems did shays rebellion show about the articles of confederation? a. there was no federal standing army b. states couldn’t create their own tax laws c. the federal government imposed too many taxes on states d. there was too much federal regulation of interstate commerce

How else might the black hand have addressed its nationalistic aspirations