How did the geography of the indian sub-continent, during the reign of the gupta, contribute to the movement of the people and ideas?

1) the control of the asian trade routes meant that culture and ideas could flow freely through the empire.
2) the location of the empire between northern mountains and southern seas was subject to monsoons.
3) as the continent was enclosed by water on three sides, cultural exchange was limited.
4) the location of the empire made it significantly vulnerable to attacks from seafaring pirates and profiteers.

Option no. 1 i.e The control of the Asian trade routes meant that culture and ideas could flow freely through the Empire is the right answer.

The geography of the subcontinent made the Guptas to dominate the International silk route, beyond the Himalayas which connected India to South-East Asia and other countries of the world. These trade routes not only promoted trade but also contributed to the movement of the people, ideas and cultures.

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