3.how did spain benefit from the treaty of tordesillas and the line of demarcation?
a. spain won exploration and trading rights over half of the non-european world.
b. spain gained territory in europe.
c. spain no longer had ties to the catholic church.
d. spain's population pressure was relieved.

The correct answer is A. Spain benefited from the Treaty of Tordesillas winning exploration and trading rights over half of the non-European world.

The treaty established a dividing line 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands. To the west of that line, Spain would have exclusivity of exploration and establishment of colonies, the same with respect to Portugal to the east of that dividing line.

As a result, Portugal guaranteed its rights over Brazil and the exploration of Africa; while Spain secured its supremacy in the exploration and colonization of the American continent, recently discovered (with the exception of Brazil).

the causes of the dust bowls were severe droughts,   lands became dry and hard, temperature was higher than usual, hot and dry conditions killed crops, high winds. because of those factors, the winds kicked up dry soil and created clouds of dust.

i think it’s a i hope that right : )