What was the essential dispute within islam over the succession to the prophet

1. what did john w. mackay and george hearst have in common? 2. how did the speculators price land during the gold rush? at what price was the ophir quoted? 3. there were many drawbacks to industrial mining. name one.

What important discovery was made by edmond halley and alexis clairaut, using newton's ideas of mathematics and gravity? they created the scientific method to outline how science should be conducted. they were able to find the orbit of a comet and predict the year of its return. they discovered the three newest planets--uranus, neptune, and pluto. they explained why objects appear to have color.

How did the church gain secular power? a) monks forced massive numbers of people to convert through fear of punishment. b) the church issued interdicts, laws passed by the church regardless of secular law. c) the church's power to deny the sacraments gave the church power over christians. d) canon law established secular courts under the control of the church.