What was the main cause of the islamic world's hardships during the thirteenth century?
a) dissension between rival factions of islam b) famine and diseased introduced from africa c) western europeans invading muslim lands d) mongol tribes invading muslim lands
this is because warmer climates often don't get people sick from the flu and regions where it was often colder more people received the flu. hope this if you need more reasoning i am here to