Trade, spiritual rival an expansion of towns occurred during the middle ages in?

federal power is further limited with a system of checks and balances that gives each branch of government a measure of power over the others.

explanation:

the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.