Which group of people wetter responsible for passing the jim crow laws in the south?
a) scalawags
b) freedmen
c) carpetbaggers
d) the rebeemers

Before the resort to widespread legal segregation around 1890, de facto segregation, called Jim Crow, had replaced exclusion in southern race relations. The integration stage was largely bypassed. Radical measures helped to institutionalize this shift to segregation. Both white Republicans and Redeemers came to embrace the new segregation policies, though often for different reasons. Even the attitudes of blacks helped to assure the shift. Lack of white support, black self-respect, economic pressures, tactical emphasis on securing better "separate but equal" facilities, and the development of group identity all shaped blacks' attitudes. The answer is letter D. 

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