The spread of Islam throughout the African continent is an example of

persuasion because it's all about agreeing to be a Muslim

this means that germany had to pay the allied countries. reparations are/is essentially payment for something that they have done wrong, so after ww1, germany was forced to pay reparations so they could replenish the allied countries resources' that they had lost during the war.

b)

it created free trade throughout the colonial territories.