Refer to the graph. A graph titled Total Deaths from Air Pollution by Region, 1990 and 2013 shows regions on the x axis and number of deaths on the y axis. The graph shows an upward trend from years 1990 to 2013 for East Asia and the Pacific.

What was most likely the cause for the change between 1990 and 2013 in the East Asia and Pacific region?

North Korea built new high-polluting, coal-fueled power plants.
China experienced rapid industrial and urban population growth.
Japan reduced government regulation of industrial environmental practices.
Mongolia increased global commercial exports after joining the World Trade Organization.