What is the cause and effect between the expansion of Islamic Caliphates and Ibn Battuta's travel? Pleas someone help me

At the beginning of wwii, what action by winston churchill influenced hitler’s strategy?

What was one of the difficulties adams faced as president? a. european countries were trying to move back in on u. s. lands b. possible war with england; fighting between political parties c. problems with spain; trade disputes with russia d. census issues; problems with selecting a new capital

Principles of cultural identity have been used to justify conflict. true false