Quais foram os principais grupos sociais que se aliaram aos reis e apoiaram a centralização política? Quais eram os interesses envolvidos nessas alianças?

agriculture revolution

they both wanted to stop protestantism, they felt a call in life and it was to strengthen the church. charles used inquisition, philip used army's, charles gave control to outsiders, philip centralized all power.

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islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. however, in the modern contexts of muslims minorities in non-muslim countries as well as secularised muslim states like turkey, indonesia and bangladesh, religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal shapes.

compared to religious leaders/clerics of the other abrahamic faiths, islamic clergy are said to resemble rabbis and not priests. unlike catholic priests they do not "serve as intermediaries between mankind and god",[1] have "process of ordination",[2] or "sacramental functions",[1] but instead serve as "exemplars, teachers, judges, and community leaders," providing religious rules to the pious on "even the most minor and private" matters.[1]