This event during the Counter Reformation, put people on trial and would punish, torture, and even kill those who went again the teachings of the Catholic Church.

The Inquisition, in historical ecclesiastical terminology also referred to as the "Holy Inquisition", was a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy. Torture and violence were used by the Inquisition for eliciting confessions ... In 1965 it became the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.

Explanation:

c. bounced back and forth from worthless to worth a lot and back to worthless

the right answer is the end of world war ii

after the end of a global wwii all the nations involved, in an attempt to create an organization to maintain world peace. this agreement would work settling international disputes via negotiation and arbitration instead of leading the issues escalate to another war.