In the period circa 1200–1450, scientific and technological advances in Afro-Eurasia occurred both through new discoveries and through diffusion across cultures in areas of increased interconnections, such as the Silk Roads and the Mediterranean.

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john maynard keynes developed new economic theories in response to the : b) great depression of the 1930s. his theories are so important that they are known as "keynesianism". in his works he supports the idea of a government with deeper involvement and intervention to end the great depression.

it made them more prductive and efficent but with the change of polcies less and les got into the navy