What are some similarities between the executive branch of the US and the state government

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

on my last question

you can't, there's no way sorry

less available tax revenue

this basically means that when they get money from taxes wirth having a lower gdp they get less then what others have with a higher gdp