Why do you think the U. S. refused to acknowledge Haiti’s independence?

In fact, its silence is very telling: it was frightened because the Haitian Revolution threatened its economic interests. ... They also pressured the United States government to refuse to recognize Haitian independence, which it did until 1862, after Southern states seceded from the Union.

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Because they are worried and cannot understand them. They are worried that the Haitian Revolution will extend to America.

the triple alliance. germany and austria-hungary were already allies by 1879 when, worried about a threat from russia, they formed the dual alliance. italy joined the group in 1882. there was a concern about a possible attack from france and the alliance needed powerful friends to defend it.

australian plates collided into eurasian plates, and the himalayas formed. the andes mountain range the himalayas and the islands of japan form differently. the andes mountain range formed at the convergent boundary of an oceanic plate and continental plate.