There are those who say, as did Justice (then Judge) Cardozo, that, under our constitutional
exclusionary doctrine, "[t]he criminal is to go free
because the constable has blundered. ..." In some
cases, this will undoubtedly be the result. But, as
was said in Elkins, “there is another
consideration—the imperative of judicial integrity.
..." The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is
the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a
government more quickly than its failure to
observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the
charter of its own existence.
What was one effect of this decision?
A. individual's right to vote was guaranteed
B. labor union's right to collect dues was enforced
C. president's right to propose bills was restricted
D. state's right to use evidence in a trial was limited