1. What messages does the tughra convey to Ottoman subjects? How does it convey these messages? 2. The tughra includes writing in two different languages. What significance might the choice of languages have?

3.You can see modern-day versions of tughras throughout our culture. List a few examples.

Explanation:

The messages that the Tughra conveyed to Ottoman subjects, happened to be those that were from important matters and also political matters. The truth is that, the Tughra was a complex and calligraphic seal or you could even say that it is a signature, that has a designed form, and admits the veracity of the document. Depending on the time period in question as well, the Tughra could have been simple, or even been complex. That would have been left to the one questioning it.

The choice of language also helps in a number of ways, among which, to provide clarity, to allow good communication, to build interest of the listeners or readers, to get the attention of the audience etc. to mention but a few.

The choice of language cannot be overemphasized since it serves as a bridge between the speaker/writer and the audience.

the catholic church withhold people's access to the bible during the middle ages.

people could go to church and listen to the teachings, but it was absolutely forbidden to own and/or read the books of both the old and new testaments. it was also prohibited to translate the books (which where originally in biblical hebrew) to any other language.

this was done so the church could remain in control of what their teachings were and to enhance their importance and power, while also being able to judge people's actions through information that was unavailable for the general public.