The late Middle Ages were filled with

The Late Middle Ages was characterized by two extremes of crisis and transformation: demographic collapse, social upheaval, endemic warfare, and religious instability; while at the same time, the emergence of nation states with the decline of feudalism, and great progress in the arts and sciences.

Explanation:

The Middle Ages refers to a time in European history from 400-1500 AD. It occurred between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance.

During the Renaissance, scholars and thinkers began to call the preceding era as the Middle Ages as it separated the culture of ancient Rome and Greece, and the Renaissance.

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it increase by 12% a year from 1812-1820