PLLLS help me I need help

Which of the following descriptions is an example of the curtual diffusion

Which of these was one of the most important aspects of washington's presidency a. he did not consider how his actions would affect later presidents b. he came to believe that political parties would be good for the country. c. he insisted that congress make specific rules about the duties of the president d. he did not take advantage of the opportunity to keep the power the country offered him.

The middle east had been subjected to attacks from outside the middle east in ancient, medieval, and modern times. which of the following invasions by outside forces came last in the period of written middle east history before 1300 a. d.?