What were the colonial acts and why
were
they passed?

The acts were passed to protect British merchants from being paid in depreciated colonial currency. The acts forbade the colonies from issuing paper money, which was creating problems due to inflation and a complex system of varying values and types of money from the various North American colonies.  The Townshend Acts were passed in 1767. The acts consisted of the Revenue Act of 1767 (which placed a tax on British goods imported into the colonies such as glass, tea, lead, paints and paper), the Commissioners of Customs Act, the Vice Admiralty Act, and the New York Restraining Act.

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a. by accepting the election of president abraham lincoln in 1860 and convincing other southern states to do the same