Which renewable energy source is used quite frequently in the u. s. and canada? nuclear power, hydroelectricity, coal, or oil

The answer is Hydroelectricity.

Explanation:

Hydroelectricity is referred to as the electricity, power, electricity which are  produced from generators driven by turbines that convert the potential energy of fast-flowing water or falling  into mechanical energy.

It can also be called a power generation technology. it  is build or made when moving water rotates a turbine shaft is transformed to electricity with an electrical generator

The United States and Canada mostly used it as their energy source.

answer:

it caused mass african migration, african populations to grow, african empires to topple, and racism against slaves to emerge.