3. Nationalism became a major force in world events in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Explain the meaning of the term nationalism. Explain how nationalist ideas led to discontent in the empires of the late
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Give at least two examples?

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).

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