New technology, including gunpowder weapons, shaped empires in Russia and China from 1450-1750. Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which various land-based empires in Russia & China developed in similar ways from 1450-1750.

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

the steam engine.

the locomotive.

the telephone.

the telegraph.

the internal combustion engine.

the rifle.

ironclad ships.

electricity/light bulb.