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In 1802, Spain ceded, or gave control of the Louisiana Territory to France, their ally in a war that was occurring in Europe. The Louisiana Territory
was a huge amount of land (shown in white on the map), and part of it bordered on the Mississippi River, which the U. S. had shared access to with
Spain. Once the territory was transferred to France however, U. S. President Thomas Jefferson feared that the U. S. would lose access to the river,
which was important for moving trade goods and crops.
President Jefferson sent diplomats to France to try to work out a deal to buy the city of New Orleans, and unrestricted access to the lower
Mississippi River for $10 million dollars, but this offer was refused. Eventually, both countries agreed to a Treaty in 1803 in which the U. S. was able
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the entire Louisiana Territory from the French for $15 million dollars. This immediately doubled the size of the United States,
gave the U. S. complete control over the Mississippi River, and provided vast amounts of resources and areas for farmland. Gaining the Louisiana
Territory inspired many Americans to seek further Western Expansion, with the ultimate goal of gaining access to the Pacific Ocean, although this
would take many years to achieve.