How did Western powers gain the upper hand in Muslim regions of the world?

Through a mix of diplomacy and military threats, European powers won treaties giving them favorable trading terms. This was also due to the Muslim lands falling apart internally with decline.

Explanation:

Through a mix of diplomacy and military threats, European powers won treaties giving them favorable trading terms. This was also due to the Muslim lands falling apart internally with decline. Different groups in these areas felt nationalism and wanted independence which led to internal fighting.

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