4. explaining who are the three most important and famous philosophers from ancient greece? explain the teacher- student relationships among the three of them. what do all three have in common?

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are all known to be three of the most famous Greek philosophers.

Socrates, the ancient Greek philosopher, one of the founders of dialectics as a method of finding the truth by posing leading questions - the so-called Socratic method. He was accused of “worshiping new deities” and “corrupting the youth” and sentenced to death (he took the poison).

He stated his teaching orally; the main source is the works of his students Xenophon and Plato. According to Socrates, the goal of philosophy is self-knowledge as a way to comprehend the true good; virtue is knowledge, or wisdom. For subsequent ages, Socrates became the embodiment of the ideal of the sage.

Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher - a student of Socrates - about 387 founded a school in Athens. Ideas (the highest among them is the idea of good) are eternal and immutable intelligible prototypes of things, of all transient and changeable being; things are the likeness and reflection of ideas. Cognition is an anamnesis - the remembrance of the soul about the ideas that it contemplated before it connected with the body. Love for the idea (Eros) is the motive for spiritual ascent. An ideal state is a hierarchy of three estates: wise rulers, warriors and officials, peasants and artisans. Plato intensively developed dialectics and outlined the scheme of the basic stages of being developed by Neoplatonism.

Aristotle - an ancient Greek thinker, student of Plato, mentor of Alexander the Great. His contribution to science is invaluable. For over 2 millennia, philosopher scientists have been using the conceptual apparatus he created; his ideas formed the basis of the natural sciences. Aristotle divides the sciences into theoretical, the purpose of which is knowledge for the sake of knowledge, practical and "poetic" (creative). Theoretical sciences include physics, mathematics, and the “first philosophy” (it is also a theological philosophy, which was later called metaphysics). To practical sciences, he included ethics and politics (it is also the science of the state). One of the central teachings of Aristotle's “first philosophy” is the doctrine of the four causes, or principles.

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