1. Explain the causes of the expansion of Muslim rule; how and where did it expand before 1450? 2. Describe the intellectual innovations and transfers of Muslim States:

3. What effects did these innovations have in Dar al-Islam?

ghana achieved independence peacefully, while algeria gained independence through an armed struggle.

the emancipation proclamation was the aim of the war change to include the freeing of slaves in addition to preserving the union. the 13th amendment, which abolished slavery in the u.s. was passed on december 6th 1865.

as promised, lincoln waited to unveil the proclamation until he could do so with success from the union military advance. on september 22nd 1862, after a victory at antietam, he publicly announced a preliminary emancipation proclamation, declaring all slaves free in the rebellious states as of january 1st 1863.