Why was china divided into multiple spheres of influence during the mid-19th century?

In 1900, China's glory days were behind her. China was a nation in decline. In 1900 China was heavily controlled by foreign nations who tended to dominate the ports such as Shanghai. China was ruled by the Qing family, though is better known as the Mancha's. 

answer: an oligarchy is a political system in which the government is run by a group of noble families, or the elite wealthy members of a society. a present day oligarchic government is iran.

explanation:

the russian revolution of 1917 involved the collapse of an empire under tsar nicholas ii and the rise of marxian socialism under lenin and his bolsheviks.