The Ohio state and the university of michigan studies were

they were leadership studies

Explanation:

The Michigan Leadership Studies were the well-known series of leadership studies that commenced at the University of Michigan in the 1950s by Rensis Likert, with the objective of identifying the principles and types of leadership styles that led to greater productivity and enhanced job satisfaction among workers.

a)scientists

explanation:

the national defense education act had two main goals. the first one was to provide personal that was oriented to defense, including scholars, engineering students and so on. the other goal was to provide financial assistance for the students who would be enrolling at colleges and universities in the 1960s.

i think it was because of how protected egyptian civilization was was which allowed them to evolve without much outside influence.