What does this line mean? “Darkness cannot drive out darkness, only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate, only love can do that.”

to me it means only positives can drawn out negatives because negatives can't drawn out each other

Explanation:

hope it make since and it helped

i would say your answer would be the second option.

hope this !

the effect of the ming leaders banning ships with more than two masts was that there was no further construction of ships masts, because there was a surplus. ming emperors disallowed foreign exploration