1. In European class structures, which group made up the lower tiers of society? 2. Confucius taught that the natural order was called the Way or the

3. Social hierarchy in India was known as the

4. The network of trade from southern Europe to China was known as the

5. In China, a king’s destiny to rule his people was described as the

6. Why did Swahili develop as a language?

7. An important West African center of education was

8. A key political and religious center in southern Africa was

9. What South American empire was conquered by Francisco Pizzaro?

10. What Middle American empire was conquered by Hernan Cortes?

11. How did the Bubonic Plague spread to Europe?

12. What seafaring group of people made raids and established settlements throughout North and Western Europe in the 900s?

13. What nomadic groups conquered and settled in present day Hungary in the 800s-900s?

14. How did serfs fit into the manorial system of Europe?

15. Attempts by Spanish Christians to reconquer the country were called the

16. Why did the Crusades start?

17. What was vernacular literature?

18. What female leader led the French army against England during the Hundred Years War?

19. The period of “rebirth” in European History is known as the .

20. The Italian Renaissance began when merchants hired talented individuals in the system.

21. believed that humans could achieve great things through their “virtues”.

22. was one of the first philosophers to popularize the theories of Humanism.