What is a mutual fund? a group that makes loans to investors who sometimes have a history of not paying back their loans

a company that collects money from people to insure their families against their loss of income

a device for pooling the savings of many investors and investing it in a variety of ways

a group that borrows money from many different sources to lend to its members

I think it's answer is

a company that collects money from people to insure their families against their loss of income

A form of collective investment in which money from many investors is pooled and invested in stocks, bonds, short-term money market instruments, and/or other securities under the direction of a fund manager.

might be agreeing to participate ethically with other european nations in the slave trade

or notifying other european nations when taking possession   of african territories

answer: karl marx, max weber, and emile durkheim (the fourth could be considered georg simmel)

explanation: