European Footholds in the Eastern Hemisphere Which two countries controlled key African ports for repairing and
supplying ships?
A. Great Britain and Spain
B. Netherlands and Spain
C. Portugal and Netherlands
D. Spain and Portugal

indigenous people north and south were displaced, died of disease, and were killed by europeans through slavery, rxpe, and war. in 1491, about 145 million people lived in the western hemisphere. by 1691, the population of indigenous americans had declined by 90-95 percent, or by around 130 million people."

i believe the correct answer is b.

it made them more prductive and efficent but with the change of polcies less and les got into the navy