According to the map, Italy in the early 19th century was under the control of Austria. under the control of Spain. united as the Kingdom of Italy. split into kingdoms and city-states.

Split into kingdoms and city-states.

Explanation:

In the early 19th century, Italy was split into several small kingdoms, princedoms and city-states, and this had been the political reality of Italy since the Middle Ages.

Some of these smaller Italian states were under the control of foreign powers, like Piedmont, which was controlled by Savoy. However, most of them were more or less independent.

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